Bibliography

Reference	Source
[Baldwin et al]	Baldwin, Nick; Georgano, G.N.; Sedgwick, Michael; Laban, Brian; The World Guide to Automobile Manufacturers; Facts on File, New York, 1987, ISBN 0-8160-1844-8 Writeup (pg. 130) on Frontenac and picture of Frontenac coupe with rumble seat.
[Branham1933]	Ben P. Branham Company; 1933 Branham Automobile Reference Book; Ben P. Branham Company, Chicago, IL;1933
[Burness]	Burness, Tad; Monstrous American Car Spotters Guide 1920-1980; Motorbooks International, Osceola, WI, USA, 1986 A unique collection of notes and illustrations about a large number of makes. Covers the DeVaux, Durant, Eagle, Flint, Locomobile, and Star.
[Collins]	Collins, Robert; A Great Way to Go; Ryerson Press, 1969 Writeup (pg. 130) on Frontenac and picture of Frontenac coupe with rumble seat.
[CP]	Editors of Cars & Parts; Ultimate Collector Car Price Guide : 1900-1999; Amos Press Inc, 1999, ISBN 0-880524-27-9 Contains four pages of price information by year, model, and body style for Durant cars. The top price for a Durant? US$38,200 for a concours-quality 1930 6-17 De Luxe Roadster.
[DFR-DS]	Durant Family Registry, Durant’s Standard. This is the club magazine from the now defunct Durant Family Registry. It is an incredible collection of information about Durant vehicles. Unfortunately, back issues are not available. If you ever find copies at a swap meet or used book sale, buy them; you won’t be disappointed.
[Gazoline]	https://web.archive.org/web/20021003071800/http://gazoline.org:80/Pages/Histoire/mathis.html (in French). The Durant deal with Mathis is discussed, to a small degree, on this web site.
[Georgano]	Georgano, G. N. (ed) The Complete Encyclopedia of motorcars 1885 – 1968; E. P. Dutton & Co., New York 1968; ISBN This book covers over 4,100 makes of cars. A typical writeup is made up of a paragraph or two covering the history of the make, plus, sometimes, a picture. The book covers all of the Durant Motors makes, with the exception of the Mason Motor truck.
[Godshall]	Godshall, Jeffrey J.; Locomobile Bridgeport’s Beautiful Beast; Automotive Quarterly, Volume XXII, Number 4.
[Gunnell]	Gunnell, John A.; 100 Years of American Cars; Krause Publications, Iola, WI, USA, 1993; WPL/629.222/09/GUN Picture of a 1924 Star Station Wagon (24-F-StationWagon)
[Kimes]	Kimes, Beverly Rae; Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805-1942; Krause Publications, Iola, WI, USA, 1984 Provides model-by-model coverage of Durant Motors’ cars. This book is a classic.
[Kulchycki]	Kulchycki, Terry; A Brief History of Durant Vehicles, durantcars.com, about 2000–2009. The original time line on which this site’s History page is based. Terry compiled it from the sources listed on that page ([Baldwin et al], [DFR-DS], [Georgano], [Godshall], [Weisberger]) but did not say which source each entry came from. Archived copy, January 6, 2009 (Internet Archive)
[Madsen]	Madsen, Axel; The Deal Maker; How William C. Durant Made General Motors; John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA, 1999; WPL/629.209/2/DURANT This book covers Durant’s life from birth to death. There are about 50 pages dedicated to the Durant Motors years. The book deals with Durant and his career, rather than the cars. It is an interesting read.
[Moloney]	Moloney, James; Encyclopedia of American Cars 1930 – 1942; Crestine Publishing, Sarasota, Florida; 1977; ISBN 0-912612-12-6
[NYT]	New York Times The New York Automobile show was held in early January from 1922 to 1932. The Times reported extensively on the show. Typically there was one article per manufacturer, so the papers are a very interesting read, although not necessarily a great source for Durant information. I found microfilm copies of these papers at my local university library.
[ODL]	Original Durant Literature See the Durant Literature Guide for more on the brochures published about the Durant.
[OEL]	Original Eagle Literature See the Eagle Literature Guide for more on the brochures published about the Eagle.
[OLL]	Original Locomobile Literature See the Locomobile Literature Guide for more on the brochures published about the Locomobile.
[OML]	Original Mathis Literature See the Mathis Literature Guide for more on the brochures published about the Mathis.
[OMTL]	Original Mason Truck Literature See the Mason Motor Truck Literature Guide for more on the brochures published about the Mason Motor Truck.
[OPL]	Original Princeton Literature See the Princeton Literature Guide for more on the brochures published about the Princeton.
[ORL]	Original Rugby Literature See the Rugby Literature Guide for more on the brochures published about the Rugby.
[OSL]	Original Star Literature See the Star Literature Guide for more on the brochures published about the Star.
[Sedgwick]	Sedgwick, M.; Wood, John W. (ills.); Passenger cars 1924-1942; MacMillan; New York; ISBN 0-02-609000-7; WPL/628.222/SED Color plate showing 1931 DeVaux coupe & sedan; writeup on DeVaux cars
[Sherk]	Sherk, Bill; The Way We Drove; Boston Mills Press, Erin, ON, 1993; ISBN 1-55046-065-x; WPL/629.22209/SHE Picture of 27 Star roadster (27-Roadster); picture and store of Toronto Durant dealership
[Weisberger]	Weisberger, Bernard A.; The Dream Maker, William C. Durant, Founder of General Motors; Little, Brown and Company, Boston, 1979; This well-researched book contains a 60-page chapter, King of the Bulls, that covers the Durant Motors period. The chapter concentrates mainly on W. C. Durant’s financial dealings, although there is some mention of the cars and production facilities.
[Wagner]	Wagner, William; Continental! Its Motors and Its People; Aero Publishers, Fallbrook, CA, USA, 1983; ISBN 0-8168-4506-9 Covers the history of Continental Motors from its inception in 1902 until the 1980s. Included in that history are about six pages on the Continental car.
[Wikipedia]	“Durant Motors,” Wikipedia (read September 2026): says production ceased in August 1931 and the company went into liquidation in 1933, citing Gustin, Lawrence R., Billy Durant, Creator of General Motors, Eerdmans, 1973 (not yet checked for this site). Read the article

Newspaper sources

Newspaper pages used to check the time line on A Brief History of Durant Vehicles, in date order. They are digitized by the Library of Congress in Chronicling America; “image” is the page number in the online scan.

Reference	Source
[Herald 1921-01-14]	The New York Herald, January 14, 1921, image 13: W. C. Durant's letter to subscribers: Durant Motors will be incorporated under the laws of New York, with 1,000,000 shares of no par value. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Herald 1921-02-17]	The New York Herald, February 17, 1921, image 14: “The New Durant Car”: a model of the light four-cylinder car is being built in Long Island City; production expected to start in August. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Tribune 1921-03-27]	New-York Tribune, March 27, 1921, image 28: “Durant Buys Plant in Long Island City”: the building bought from the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, reportedly for $2,000,000. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Tribune 1921-05-26]	New-York Tribune, May 26, 1921, image 17: “Durant Buys Sheridan Co. From General Motors” (Muncie, May 25); also announces the Durant Motors Company of Michigan, main plant at Lansing, E. Verlinden president. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Herald 1921-08-21]	The New York Herald, August 21, 1921, image 35: The Durant Motor Company of Indiana organized “this week,” with a capital of $3,000,000, to make Muncie a centre of automobile manufacture. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Times 1921-09-17]	The Washington Times, September 17, 1921, image 18: “Durant Forms Canadian Company”: Durant Motors of Canada, Ltd. incorporated in Ontario; the former munitions plant at Leaside bought. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Omaha Bee 1921-11-13]	Omaha Daily Bee, November 13, 1921, image 22: Statement by W. C. Durant: dealers' contracts signed for 24,817 Durant fours and 6,025 sixes, with deliveries from November 1, 1921. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Ariz. Republican 1921-11-27]	Arizona Republican (Phoenix), November 27, 1921, image 25: Ground broken on November 12 for the new Oakland factory of the Durant Motor Company of California. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Evening World 1922-02-01]	The Evening World (New York), February 1, 1922, image 14: “Start Production of the New Durant Six”: production of Durant six-cylinder cars starts today at Muncie. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Bridgeport Times 1922-02-01]	The Bridgeport Times and Evening Farmer, February 1, 1922, image 3: “Locomobile Attorneys Apply for Receiver in U. S. District Court Today.” Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Bemidji Pioneer 1922-03-14]	The Bemidji Daily Pioneer (Minn.), March 14, 1922, image 5: “New Star Car Draws Washington's Attention”: nearly 27,000 people at the first showing of the Star car, Thursday, March 9. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Ariz. Republican 1922-06-25]	Arizona Republican (Phoenix), June 25, 1922, image 25: The purchase of the Willys Corporation plant at Elizabeth, N.J., by Durant Motors will speed production of the Star car. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Bridgeport Times 1922-07-22]	The Bridgeport Times and Evening Farmer, July 22, 1922, image 2: The contract presented to W. C. Durant for the Locomobile Company has been signed. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Tribune 1922-07-29]	New-York Tribune, July 29, 1922, image 13: Col. E. H. Havens announced (July 28) as vice-president and general manager of the new Locomobile Company of America. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Brownsville Herald 1922-07-30]	Brownsville Herald (Tex.), July 30, 1922, image 6: Durant announces the Flint six; the Flint Motor Company's charter application filed at Lansing; main plant at Flint, Michigan. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Leader 1923-01-26]	The Milwaukee Leader, January 26, 1923, image 14: Durant is making the Durant, Star, Locomobile, and Flint, “with the Princeton recently thrown in.” Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Birmingham Age-Herald 1923-02-04]	The Birmingham Age-Herald, February 4, 1923, image 30: Durant Motors is building the Mason Truck, the Locomobile, the Flint Six, and the Princeton Six as well as the Durant and Star. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Seattle Star 1923-07-14]	The Seattle Star, July 14, 1923, image 5: “New Flint Will Arrive Here Soon.” Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[San Antonio Light 1924-03-23]	San Antonio Light, March 23, 1924, image 42: “New Flint Forty”: shown for the first time at the Boston Automobile Show this week. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Daily News 1926-02-02]	The Washington Daily News, February 2, 1926, image 17: Washington auto show: the Flint Junior, Flint Sixty, and Flint Eighty. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Poplar Standard 1926-03-19]	The Poplar Standard (Mont.), March 19, 1926, image 8: Star dealer advertisement: “Star Four or Six,” with the Star Six coach. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Daily Worker 1926-08-03]	The Daily Worker (Chicago), August 3, 1926, image 3: Elizabeth, N.J., August 1: after September 1 the Flint car will be made at the Elizabeth plant; the Flint, Michigan, plant has been sold. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Willmar Tribune 1928-01-18]	Willmar Tribune (Minn.), January 18, 1928, image 6: Dealer advertisement for the Durant sixes: “75” (119 in.), “65” (110 in.), and “55” (107 in.). Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Ely Miner 1928-03-30]	The Ely Miner (Minn.), March 30, 1928, image 7: Dealer list including the Durant-Star four-cylinder coach and sedan, and the Durant 55. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Times 1928-09-19]	The Washington Times, September 19, 1928, image 21: Durant factories ran out of material for the silver anniversary models of the Durant Four and Durant 55. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Bismarck Tribune 1928-09-29]	The Bismarck Tribune, September 29, 1928, image 7: “Durant Announces More New Models”: two new models, the Durant Four and Durant “60.” Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Bismarck Tribune 1928-10-04]	The Bismarck Tribune, October 4, 1928, image 10: Dealer advertisement: the new Durant Four and “60” now on display. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Daily News 1929-01-29]	The Washington Daily News, January 29, 1929, image 28: Picture of the Durant Six “70” De Luxe four-door sedan. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Indianapolis Times 1929-02-23]	The Indianapolis Times, February 23, 1929, image 16: The Durant Six “60” has a bigger and more powerful engine for 1929. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Times 1930-01-08]	The Washington Times, January 8, 1930, image 10: “Durant Shows New Line”: an entirely new line of Durant cars. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Leader 1930-01-14]	The Milwaukee Leader, January 14, 1930, image 14: Metric spark plugs adopted for the new “6-14” and “6-17” models. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Douglas Dispatch 1930-02-02]	Douglas Daily Dispatch (Ariz.), February 2, 1930, image 6: The entirely new Durant 6-14 unveiled by dealers in the western states on February 2. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Daily News 1930-08-19]	The Washington Daily News, August 19, 1930, image 5: “Durant Returns to Make Midget Car”: W. C. Durant back as head of the company; contract to build the French Mathis. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Imperial Valley Press 1930-12-15]	Imperial Valley Press (El Centro, Calif.), December 15, 1930, image 8: “DeVaux to Build New Automobile” (Oakland, December 15). Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Star 1930-12-16]	Evening Star (Washington, D.C.), December 16, 1930, image 12: “Durant Sells Plant to Norman DeVaux”: DeVaux buys the Oakland plant of the Durant Motor Co. of California. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Star 1930-12-21]	Evening Star (Washington, D.C.), December 21, 1930, image 60: Formation of the DeVaux-Hall Motors Corporation to build a new six-cylinder car at Grand Rapids, Michigan. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Star 1931-03-13]	Evening Star (Washington, D.C.), March 13, 1931, image 22: plan for a new Canadian company, Dominion Motors, Ltd., to acquire all the assets of Durant Motors of Canada, with Nash Motors as a partner. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Times 1931-04-01]	The Washington Times, April 1, 1931, image 25: Grand Rapids, April 1: the DeVaux-Hall plant “yesterday” started production of the DeVaux 6-75; Oakland to follow the first week of April. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Star 1931-04-12]	Evening Star (Washington, D.C.), April 12, 1931, image 66: Durant Motors of Canada: special stockholders' meeting postponed to May 7 because of an injunction obtained by Durant Motors, Inc. to prevent the transfer of assets to Dominion Motors. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Times 1931-05-11]	The Washington Times (Washington, D.C.), May 11, 1931, image 19: “Durant of Canada Holders O.K. Sale” (Toronto, May 9) — shareholders approve the sale of all assets and liabilities to Dominion Motors, Ltd. by a share-for-share exchange. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Star 1932-01-26]	Evening Star (Washington, D.C.), January 26, 1932, image 14 (business news): “Durant Motors, Inc.—Equity receiver appointed for company by Federal Court, Detroit, Mich.” Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Star 1932-01-27]	Evening Star (Washington, D.C.), January 27, 1932, image 14: Associated Press report quoting W. C. Durant that the Detroit receivership applied only to the subsidiary Durant Motor Co. of Michigan, not to Durant Motors, Inc. of Delaware; also recalls the incorporation of Durant Motors on January 12, 1921. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Leader 1932-01-27]	The Milwaukee Leader (Milwaukee, Wis.), January 27, 1932, image 10: “Name Bank Receiver For Durant Motors” — the Central Trust Co. of Lansing appointed receiver on application of the City Auto Stamping Co. of Toledo. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Star 1932-01-31]	Evening Star (Washington, D.C.), January 31, 1932, image 108: Auto show: the DeVaux 80 supersedes last year's 6-75 line. Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Star 1932-02-14]	Evening Star (Washington, D.C.), February 14, 1932, image 64 (business news, New York, February 13): “Continental Motors — Buys assets in Michigan of Devaux-Hall Motors.” Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)
[Star 1932-06-24]	Evening Star (Washington, D.C.), June 24, 1932, image 15 (financial page): “Appointment of receivers for De Forest Radio and Durant Motors long had been forecast on the tape.” Read the page at the Library of Congress (Chronicling America)

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